“一带一路”背景下新疆农业资源配置效率及优化

[目的]通过测算新疆农业资源配置效率,并提出优化方案,以期抓住"一带一路"建设机遇实现新疆农业的可持续快速发展。[方法]采用DEA分析方法,在兼顾经济效益和生态效应的原则下选取3个产出指标和7个投入指标,选取2010~2015年新疆16个市州区作为研究样本采用B2C静态评价模型研究新疆农业资源配置效率,并提出从纯技术效率或规模效率入手优化资源配置的优化方案。[结果]新疆16市州区除了克拉玛依市、吐鲁番地区和生产建设兵团综合技术效率的值为1外,其余的都未达到生产前沿面,说明新疆大部分市州农业资源配置与经营规模不适应,农业资源未到达最优配置,存在浪费现象;新疆16个市州区的综合技术效率均值为0.714,说明新疆农业资源配置效率总体状况低效。[结论]新疆农业资源配置总体效率较高,但仍存在地区差异,部分地市的农业资源投入均不同程度出现冗余,其中化肥、农药和农膜使用量过剩现象较突出。同时发现,"一带一路"发展战略的实施给新疆农业发展提供了良好的发展机遇。     

北宋孤幼、户绝财产检校制度辨析

财产检校制度是宋代朝廷对社会孤幼家庭的财产或者有争议财产进行代管、到期归还的一种强制性财产管理制度,主要有孤幼财产检校和户绝财产检校.其中前者直接承袭唐五代,后者于太平兴国二年正式确立.北宋前期开封府的财产检校一般由内侍省和三司临时受朝廷旨意施行,开封府检校库约于庆历四年出现,用以管理并存放检校财产,地方州军存放在军资库(元符二年后存放在常平库).这是中国古代社会产权制度一大发展.     

对加快推进油气技术价值化的思考

油气行业坚持创新驱动发展,将技术创新摆在了核心位置,也是实现能源“十三五”规划的重要保障.油气技术创新的关键点在于油气技术价值化,油气技术价值化是油气技术创新的内在需要和外在表征.提出推进油气技术价值化的战略管理思路,油气技术价值化需要经历“油气技术有形化—油气技术价格化—油气技术商业化”的路径.油气技术有形化以油气技术创造和油气技术确权为前提,油气技术价格化以油气技术价值评估和油气技术定价为基础,油气技术商业化以油气技术交易和油气技术运营为途径,综合构成油气技术的价值实现与价值增值过程.     

Carbon Markets in China: Development and Challenges

China is attempting to initiate its own carbon market—an important market-based policy instrument which would determine the fate of global climate policy as the largest emitter of carbon dioxide across the world. This article looks at carbon trading development so far and examines the key challenges ahead in China. These past experiences—whatever from international CDM practice, or SO₂ emission trading and a domestic voluntary carbon market—have paved the solid way to build the existing ETS pilots similar to European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS). The investigation into China’s ETS pilots discovered some important and urgent issues such as the capsetting and deepening energy market reform.     

Scarcity Appeals in Advertising: The Moderating Role of Expectation of Scarcity

Advertisers often use scarcity appeals to influence consumers, with announcements such as “hurry, limited quantities,” and “limit: two per customer.” Based on a persuasion knowledge framework, we show in three studies that the effect of scarcity appeals on product evaluation is moderated by consumers' expectation of scarcity, such that scarcity appeals have a positive effect when expectation of scarcity is high but not when it is low. We also show that this interaction effect holds for expectation of scarcity due to demand as well as supply, and that cognitive load constitutes a boundary condition for this effect. These findings contribute to the literature by identifying expectation of scarcity as a moderator, persuasion knowledge as a mechanism, and cognitive load as a boundary condition for the effect of scarcity appeals on product evaluation. From a managerial perspective, this research indicates that scarcity appeals are more effective when consumers have high compared to low expectations of scarcity; that activation of persuasion knowledge can eliminate the positive effect of scarcity appeals; and that cognitive load can reinstate the positive effect of scarcity appeals on product evaluation.     

To blow or not to blow the whistle: the effects of potential harm,social pressure and organisational commitment on whistleblowing intention and behaviour

This study uses a rational ethical decision‐making framework to examine the influence of moral intensity (potential harm and social pressure) on whistleblowing intention and behaviour using organisational commitment as a moderator. A scenario was developed, and an online questionnaire was used to conduct an empirical analysis on the responses of 533 participants. The mean age and years of work experience of the respondents were 31 and 8.2 years, respectively. The results show, first, that while moral intensity is correlated with whistleblowing intention, only the potential harm is positively correlated with such intention. Second, potential harm and social pressure differentially affect whistleblower choice of using an internal or external channel. Third, organisational commitment has a moderated mediation effect among moral intensity, whistleblowing intention and behaviour. Fourth, whistleblowers may be grouped into four conceptual types: indifferent, rebel, mature and spoil. Finally, theoretical and managerial implications of the findings are discussed.     

我国现行林业财政投入分析、政策效率评价及其实现机制研究

我国林业的长期可持续发展需要加大财政投入和支持力度,为林业可持续发展提供物质基础和政策支撑。文章针对我国林业财政投入总量不足,且整体增速较为缓慢;财政投入结构不合理,林业产业建设投资比重少;林业财政补偿标准低,且补偿范围不够全面等现状及问题,采用DEA模型,通过构建林业财政投入和产出指标,对林业总体政策投入效率、规模投入效率和政策投入效率进行评价,评价结果显示,近两年我国林业总体财政政策投入效率下滑,中央财政拨付的财政经费和税收优惠财政投入缺口较大。该文根据林业财政投入现状及评价结果提出了建立林业财政扶持资金机制、完善林业财政转移支付机制、健全森林生态效益补偿机制、规范林业产业税收激励机制等4种实现机制,为促进我国林业可持续发展提供参考。